Wildfires are not just a threat to physical structures and natural landscapes; they also pose a significant risk to the mental health of those affected. Dr. Jyoti Mishra, associate director of the UC Climate Change and Mental Health Council and an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, has personal experience with the stress that wildfires can bring. Her research on the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California revealed that individuals directly impacted by wildfires are significantly more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to those in unaffected communities.

The Immediate and Long-Term Mental Health Effects

In the immediate aftermath of a wildfire, the uncertainty of losing one's home or neighborhood can lead to a range of emotional responses, including stress, anger, sadness, shock, depression, and frustration. People may also experience physical symptoms such as loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and nightmares. Some may turn to drugs or alcohol as a means of self-medication. Long-term, depression, anxiety, and trauma can affect even those who did not previously have mental health concerns. Research indicates that PTSD can persist for months or even years after a wildfire.

The Role of Smoke in Mental Health

Dr. Yang Liu, chair of environmental health at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, conducted a study in 2024 that found an association between emergency department visits for anxiety disorders and exposure to wildfire smoke. The effect was more pronounced in women, girls, and older adults. With major smoke events significantly amplifying this risk, it is crucial for individuals to protect their physical and mental health by minimizing exposure to smoke. This can be achieved by staying indoors, closing windows, avoiding outdoor activities, and using HEPA filters in air conditioning systems or standalone air purifiers.

Supporting Children and Adolescents

Children and adolescents can be particularly vulnerable during wildfires. Dr. Sabrina Renteria, a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Cedars-Sinai, notes that while children can be resilient, they can also feel helpless. It is important for adults to communicate openly with children about what is happening and how they are feeling. Encouraging children to return to their routines as quickly as possible can provide a sense of stability. Parents and caregivers should also model good coping mechanisms, such as listening to music or practicing deep-breathing exercises, which can help calm the body's natural response to anxiety.

Community and Collective Healing

Mishra emphasizes the importance of community support and collective healing. Individuals with stronger family connections and community support are more resilient in the face of disasters. Volunteering to help others in the community can be a healing process, and talking with others who have experienced similar traumas can provide a sense of shared understanding. It is also important to limit exposure to news and social media, focusing instead on positive stories of resilience and recovery.

Reaching Out and Offering Support

For those watching the wildfires from afar, it is important to reach out to friends and family in affected areas. Offering support, whether it be emotional or financial, can make a significant difference. Contributing to organizations that provide immediate relief, such as food and shelter, can help those who have fled their homes without basic necessities.

Conclusion: Building Resilience in the Face of Disaster

The mental health impact of wildfires is profound and long-lasting. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of such disasters, it is essential to build resilience and support systems. By focusing on community, communication, and self-care, individuals and communities can better cope with the emotional toll of wildfires. The collective effort to support those affected not only aids in immediate recovery but also builds a foundation for long-term mental health and well-being. As Mishra notes, "These are just little things that we can all help out with others, because eventually, with climate change, this is not something that’s isolated to a region. It may happen one day to any of us."